4c’s OUTPUT

Teachers

We reviewed almost 100 research articles and teacher handbooks to analyse the kind of activities being used in the classroom to deal with divisive issues, and the kinds of learning intentions established in such activities. The result is this short booklet outlining 39 teaching activities.

Academic

We will be publishing a number of conference papers and journal articles during the project. Our first papers have been accepted as a symposium for the Comparative Education Society in Europe (CESE) conference in Denmark, June 2026. These introduce the initial two stages of the project.

Project -1

This collaborative project involved numerous teachers, educationalists and researchers to explore the forms of knowledge they use to inform their classroom practice. Through analysing detailed case studies of practice, the project team have identified five forms of professional knowledge which constitute the professional knowledge base.

Project -2

Teaching about contemporary and divisive issues seems to be getting more difficult, as political discourse becomes increasingly polarised and divisive, and online sources fuel disinformation and conspiracies. This project explores how students might become collaborative partners, working with teachers to plan meaningful classroom solutions.

Project -3

The Department for Education (DfE) in England launched a review of the curriculum, which provided an opportunity for researchers in the field to share evidence about what is working and what is needed in relation to Citizenship.

Project -4

This project created some classroom resources to encourage deliberative discussions in the classroom related to the fundamental British values (FBVs). The researchers recorded some of the conversations that ensued to analyse the nature of such talk and identify advice for teachers